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1:06 AM
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Future continuous, form
The future continuous is made up of two elements: the simple future of the verb
'to be' + the present participle (
base+ing)
| Subject | simple future, 'to be' | base+ing |
| You | will be | watching |
Affirmative
I will be asking
Negative
She won't be leaving
Interrogative
Will they be retiring?
Interrogative negative
Won't we be staying?
Example:
to stay, future continuous
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
| I will be staying | I won't be staying | Will I be staying? |
| You will be staying | You won't be staying | Will you be staying? |
| He, she, it will be staying | He won't be staying | Will she be staying? |
| We will be staying | We won't be staying | Will we be staying? |
| You will be staying | You won't be staying | Will you be staying? |
| They will be staying | They won't be staying | Will they be staying? |
Future continuous, function
The future continuous refers to an
unfinished action or event that will be
in progress at a time
later than now. It is used:
a. to project ourselves into the future and see something happening: This time next week
I will be sun-bathing in Bali.
b. to refer to actions/events that will happen in the normal course of events:
I'll be seeing Jim at the conference next week.
c. in the interrogative form, especially with 'you', to distinguish between a simple request for information and an invitation:
Will you be coming to the party tonight? (= request for information) Will you come to the party? (= invitation)
d. to predict or guess about someone's actions or feelings, now or in the future:
You'll be feeling tired after that long walk, I expect.
More examples:
a. events in progress in the future:
When you are in Australia will you be staying with friends?
This time next week you will be working in your new job.
At four thirty on Tuesday afternoon I will be signing the contract.
b. events/actions in normal course of events:
I'll be going into town this afternoon, is there anything you want from the shops?
Will you be using the car tomorrow? - No, you can take it.
I'll be seeing Jane this evening - I'll give her the message.
c. asking for information:
Will you be bringing your friend to the pub tonight?
Will Jim be coming with us?
d. predicting or guessing:
You'll be feeling thirsty after working in the sun.
He'll be coming to the meeting, I expect.
You'll be missing the sunshine now you're back in England.
12:23 AM
'ING' FORM
THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE
The present participle of most verbs has the form base+ing and is used in the following ways:
a. as part of the continuous form of a verb
Example:
I am studying,
he was reading,
they have been walking.
b. after verbs of movement/position in the pattern: verb + present participle
Example:
- She went shopping
- He lay looking up at the clouds
- She came walking towards me
This construction is particularly useful with the verb 'to go', as in these common expressions :
to go shopping
to go ski-ing
to go fishing
to go surfing | to go walking
to go swimming
to go running
to go dancing |
c. after verbs of perception in the pattern: verb + object + present participle
Example:
I heard someone singing.
He saw his friend walking along the road.
I can smell something burning!
NOTE: There is a difference in meaning when such a sentence contains a
zero-infinitive rather than a participle. The infinitive refers to a
complete action, but the participle refers to an
incomplete action, or part of an action.
Compare:
- I heard Joanna singing (= she had started before I heard her, and probably went on afterwards)
- I heard Joanna sing (= I heard her complete performance)
d. as an adjective
Examples:
amazing, worrying, exciting, boring.
- It was an amazing film.
- It's a bit worrying when the police stop you
- Dark billowing clouds often precede a storm.
- Racing cars can go as fast as 400kph.
- He was trapped inside the burning house.
- Many of his paintings depict the setting sun.
e. with the verbs spend and waste, in the pattern:
verb + time/money expression + present participle
Example:
- My boss spends two hours a day travelling to work.
- Don't waste time playing computer games!
- They've spent the whole day shopping.
f. with the verbs catch and find, in the pattern:
verb + object + present participle:
With
catch, the participle always refers to an action which causes annoyance or anger:
- If I catch you stealing my apples again, there'll be trouble!
- Don't let him catch you reading his letters.
This is not the case with
find, which is unemotional:
- We found some money lying on the ground.
- They found their mother sitting in the garden.
g. to replace a sentence or part of a sentence:
When two actions occur at the same time, and are done by the same person or thing, we can use a present participle to describe one of them:
- They went out into the snow. They laughed as they went.
They went laughing out into the snow.
- He whistled to himself. He walked down the road.=>Whistling to himself, he walked down the road.
When one action follows very quickly after another done by the same person or thing, we can express the first action with a present participle:
- He put on his coat and left the house.width=> Putting on his coat, he left the house.
- She dropped the gun and put her hands in the air.=>Dropping the gun, she put her hands in the air.
The present participle can be used instead of a phrase starting
as, since, because, and it explains the cause or reason for an action:
- Feeling hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the fridge.
(= because he felt hungry...)
- Being poor, he didn't spend much on clothes.
- Knowing that his mother was coming, he cleaned the flat.
11:43 PM
Passive tenses and active
Active: I keep the book in the bag.
Passive: The book is kept in the bag
Active: They stole the money.
Passive: The money was stolen.
Active: They are repairing the car.
Passive: The car is being repaired.
Active: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Passive: Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
Active: A monkey bit him.
Passive: He was bitten by a monkey.
9:49 AM
Summary of verbs tenses
Present tenses : Simple present : He wants a drink
Present continuous : She is drinking juice
Past tenses : Simple past : I lived in japan in 2006
Past continuous : I was watching movie when she arrived
Perfect tenses : Present perfect : I have lived here since 1997
Present perfect continuous : I have been lived here for almost 4 years
Past perfect : We had been to see her several times before she visited us.
Past perfect continuous : He had been watching her for some time when she turned and smiled.
Future perfect : We will have arrived in the States by the time you get this letter. Future perfect Continuous: By the end of your course, you will have been studying for five years.
Future Tenses Simple future : I will go to Japan next year
Future continuous : i will be running to school
Conditional Tenses : Present conditional: If he had the money he would go
Present continuous conditional: He would be getting up now if he was in Australia.
Perfect conditional: She would have visited me if she had had time.
Perfect continuous conditional: I would have been playing tennis if I hadn't broken my arm.
9:11 AM
RULES
- Adjective are invariable : They don't change their form depending on the gender or number of the noun. ex : A hot chili some hot chilies
- To emphasise or strengthen the meaning of an adjective use 'very or really ' ex : very hot chili some really hot chili
Position of adjective
- Usually infront of a noun : a beatiful girl
- After verbs like 'to be', 'to seem', 'to look', 'to taste'
Example : The boy is handsome
you look great
This corn tates funny
- After the noun with the adjectives involved, present, concerned
Example : I want to see the people involved/concerned
Here is the list of the people present
Adjective can also :
Describe feelings or qualities Example: He is lonely man , They are good people
Give nationality or origin Example : This clock is japan, Jack is american, our house is victorian
Tell more about characteristic : Example : The sword is sharp, a wooden chair
A lot of Example of adjective :
- he is young man
- This car is very old
- Jhon short man
- This is a very long movie
- The sunset was crimson and gold
- Jack wore a blue pants
- She wore a cotton dress
- A square envelope
Where a number of adjectives are used together, the order depends on the function of the adjective. The usual order is:
- Value/opinion : delecious, lovely, charming
- Size : Big, small, tiny, long
- Age/Temperature : Old, cold, young
- Shape : Triangle, round, square
- Origin : Indonesian, Japanese
- Material : plastic, wooden, gold
Example : some big round wooden table
Some charming big gold ornaments
To be continue...... masih banyak lagi penjelasan tentang adjective tunggu postingan berikutnya
