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1:06 AM
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Future continuous, form
The future continuous is made up of two elements: the simple future of the verb
'to be' + the present participle (
base+ing)
Subject | simple future, 'to be' | base+ing |
You | will be | watching |
Affirmative
I will be asking
Negative
She won't be leaving
Interrogative
Will they be retiring?
Interrogative negative
Won't we be staying?
Example:
to stay, future continuous
Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
I will be staying | I won't be staying | Will I be staying? |
You will be staying | You won't be staying | Will you be staying? |
He, she, it will be staying | He won't be staying | Will she be staying? |
We will be staying | We won't be staying | Will we be staying? |
You will be staying | You won't be staying | Will you be staying? |
They will be staying | They won't be staying | Will they be staying? |
Future continuous, function
The future continuous refers to an
unfinished action or event that will be
in progress at a time
later than now. It is used:
a. to project ourselves into the future and see something happening: This time next week
I will be sun-bathing in Bali.
b. to refer to actions/events that will happen in the normal course of events:
I'll be seeing Jim at the conference next week.
c. in the interrogative form, especially with 'you', to distinguish between a simple request for information and an invitation:
Will you be coming to the party tonight? (= request for information) Will you come to the party? (= invitation)
d. to predict or guess about someone's actions or feelings, now or in the future:
You'll be feeling tired after that long walk, I expect.
More examples:
a. events in progress in the future:
When you are in Australia will you be staying with friends?
This time next week you will be working in your new job.
At four thirty on Tuesday afternoon I will be signing the contract.
b. events/actions in normal course of events:
I'll be going into town this afternoon, is there anything you want from the shops?
Will you be using the car tomorrow? - No, you can take it.
I'll be seeing Jane this evening - I'll give her the message.
c. asking for information:
Will you be bringing your friend to the pub tonight?
Will Jim be coming with us?
d. predicting or guessing:
You'll be feeling thirsty after working in the sun.
He'll be coming to the meeting, I expect.
You'll be missing the sunshine now you're back in England.
12:23 AM
'ING' FORM
THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE
The present participle of most verbs has the form base+ing and is used in the following ways:
a. as part of the continuous form of a verb
Example:
I am studying,
he was reading,
they have been walking.
b. after verbs of movement/position in the pattern: verb + present participle
Example:
- She went shopping
- He lay looking up at the clouds
- She came walking towards me
This construction is particularly useful with the verb 'to go', as in these common expressions :
to go shopping
to go ski-ing
to go fishing
to go surfing | to go walking
to go swimming
to go running
to go dancing |
c. after verbs of perception in the pattern: verb + object + present participle
Example:
I heard someone singing.
He saw his friend walking along the road.
I can smell something burning!
NOTE: There is a difference in meaning when such a sentence contains a
zero-infinitive rather than a participle. The infinitive refers to a
complete action, but the participle refers to an
incomplete action, or part of an action.
Compare:
- I heard Joanna singing (= she had started before I heard her, and probably went on afterwards)
- I heard Joanna sing (= I heard her complete performance)
d. as an adjective
Examples:
amazing, worrying, exciting, boring.
- It was an amazing film.
- It's a bit worrying when the police stop you
- Dark billowing clouds often precede a storm.
- Racing cars can go as fast as 400kph.
- He was trapped inside the burning house.
- Many of his paintings depict the setting sun.
e. with the verbs spend and waste, in the pattern:
verb + time/money expression + present participle
Example:
- My boss spends two hours a day travelling to work.
- Don't waste time playing computer games!
- They've spent the whole day shopping.
f. with the verbs catch and find, in the pattern:
verb + object + present participle:
With
catch, the participle always refers to an action which causes annoyance or anger:
- If I catch you stealing my apples again, there'll be trouble!
- Don't let him catch you reading his letters.
This is not the case with
find, which is unemotional:
- We found some money lying on the ground.
- They found their mother sitting in the garden.
g. to replace a sentence or part of a sentence:
When two actions occur at the same time, and are done by the same person or thing, we can use a present participle to describe one of them:
- They went out into the snow. They laughed as they went. They went laughing out into the snow.
- He whistled to himself. He walked down the road.=>Whistling to himself, he walked down the road.
When one action follows very quickly after another done by the same person or thing, we can express the first action with a present participle:
- He put on his coat and left the house.width=> Putting on his coat, he left the house.
- She dropped the gun and put her hands in the air.=>Dropping the gun, she put her hands in the air.
The present participle can be used instead of a phrase starting
as, since, because, and it explains the cause or reason for an action:
- Feeling hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the fridge.
(= because he felt hungry...)
- Being poor, he didn't spend much on clothes.
- Knowing that his mother was coming, he cleaned the flat.
11:43 PM
Passive tenses and active
Active: I keep the book in the bag.
Passive: The book is kept in the bag
Active: They stole the money.
Passive: The money was stolen.
Active: They are repairing the car.
Passive: The car is being repaired.
Active: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Passive: Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
Active: A monkey bit him.
Passive: He was bitten by a monkey.
9:49 AM
Summary of verbs tenses
Present tenses : Simple present : He wants a drink
Present continuous : She is drinking juice
Past tenses : Simple past : I lived in japan in 2006
Past continuous : I was watching movie when she arrived
Perfect tenses : Present perfect : I have lived here since 1997
Present perfect continuous : I have been lived here for almost 4 years
Past perfect : We had been to see her several times before she visited us.
Past perfect continuous : He had been watching her for some time when she turned and smiled.
Future perfect : We will have arrived in the States by the time you get this letter. Future perfect Continuous: By the end of your course, you will have been studying for five years.
Future Tenses Simple future : I will go to Japan next year
Future continuous : i will be running to school
Conditional Tenses : Present conditional: If he had the money he would go
Present continuous conditional: He would be getting up now if he was in Australia.
Perfect conditional: She would have visited me if she had had time.
Perfect continuous conditional: I would have been playing tennis if I hadn't broken my arm.
9:11 AM
RULES
- Adjective are invariable : They don't change their form depending on the gender or number of the noun. ex : A hot chili some hot chilies
- To emphasise or strengthen the meaning of an adjective use 'very or really ' ex : very hot chili some really hot chili
Position of adjective
- Usually infront of a noun : a beatiful girl
- After verbs like 'to be', 'to seem', 'to look', 'to taste'
Example : The boy is handsome
you look great
This corn tates funny
- After the noun with the adjectives involved, present, concerned
Example : I want to see the people involved/concerned
Here is the list of the people present
Adjective can also :
Describe feelings or qualities Example: He is lonely man , They are good people
Give nationality or origin Example : This clock is japan, Jack is american, our house is victorian
Tell more about characteristic : Example : The sword is sharp, a wooden chair
A lot of Example of adjective :
- he is young man
- This car is very old
- Jhon short man
- This is a very long movie
- The sunset was crimson and gold
- Jack wore a blue pants
- She wore a cotton dress
- A square envelope
Where a number of adjectives are used together, the order depends on the function of the adjective. The usual order is:
- Value/opinion : delecious, lovely, charming
- Size : Big, small, tiny, long
- Age/Temperature : Old, cold, young
- Shape : Triangle, round, square
- Origin : Indonesian, Japanese
- Material : plastic, wooden, gold
Example : some big round wooden table
Some charming big gold ornaments
To be continue...... masih banyak lagi penjelasan tentang adjective tunggu postingan berikutnya
6:03 AM
Demikian kesaksian warga negara Indonesia, Helza Melany (29), kepada Kompas.com
, Jumat (11/3/2011), pukul 21.10 waktu Tokyo. Helza mengaku masih khawatir karena sampai saat ini gempa masih menggetarkan Tokyo dan sekitarnya.
”Jembatan beton di sini ada yang putus. Kawasan Disneyland juga sudah terendam banjir parah, setinggi atap rumah. Posisi adik saya di Ibaraki juga dilanda banjir,” kata Helza.
Kondisi mencekam pun tidak terelakkan. Helza mengisahkan, meskipun gempa terus menerjang, masyarakat Tokyo saat ini justru lebih banyak tinggal di dalam rumah. Khususnya yang tinggal di rumah tidak bertingkat ataupun apartemen, penduduk lebih merasa nyaman berada di dalam rumah.
”Sebagian lampu di Gunma mati. Masyarakat sini yang sudah terbiasa gempa, kini lebih merasa takut, mungkin karena yang ini lebih dan tidak berhenti bergetar,” ujar Helza.
Seperti diberitakan, gempa bumi berkekuatan 8,9 terjadi di lepas pantai timur Jepang, Jumat (11/3/2011), pukul 2.45 waktu Jepang. Gempa tersebut menguncang bangunan-bangunan di ibu kota Tokyo, 32 tewas, serta memicu peringatan tsunami hingga ketinggian 10 meter
sumber : kompas.